Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna Marxist Revolutionary and guerrilla leader ...
Ernesto Guevara de la Serna was born on June 14, 1928 in Rosario, Argentina. After two years of age suffer their first attack of asthma. The family moved in 1932 in search of a dry climate ams to the city of Altagracia (Cordoba) medical advice, where his health did not improve.
made his primary education at home, mostly by his mother, Celia de la Serna. He became a voracious reader of Marx, Engels and Freud which were all available in the library of his father, is likely to have read some of his work before going to secondary school (1941), the Colegio Nacional Dean Funes, Córdoba where he was good only in literature and sports.
At home he was impressed by the refugees of the English Civil War and the long series of political crises in Argentina which culminated in the dictatorship of Juan Peron, to which Guevara de la Sernas were opposed. These events and influences occurred in the young Guevara a rejection of the pantomime of parliamentary democracy and party, to the army, the capitalist oligarchy, and above all U.S. imperialism. Although their parents, notably his mother, were anti-Peronist activists, he did not take part in revolutionary student movements and showed little interest in politics at the University of Buenos Aires.
In December 1947 he joined the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires, first with the intention of understanding his own disease, then more interested in leprosy.
In 1949 he performed the first of his long journeys, exploring northern Argentina on a bicycle, and for once being in contact with the poor and the few survivors of the Indian tribes.
In 1951, after taking his penultimate exams, he made a much longer journey, accompanied by a friend, he visited southern Argentina, Chile, where he met Salvador Allende, Peru, where he worked for several weeks in the leprosy hospital of San Pablo, Colombia at the time of La Violencia, and where he was arrested but soon released , Venezuela, and Miami. He returned home for his finals sure of only one thing that he did not want to become a middle-class practitioner. He graduated, specializing in dermatology, and went to La Paz, Bolivia, during the National Revolution which he condemned as opportunist. From there he went to Guatemala, earning his living writing travel articles, Archaeology on the Mayan and Inca.
In December 1953 arrives in Guatemala during the socialist Arbenz presidency, although he was then Marxist reader Lenin, he refused to join the Communist Party.
He lived with Hilda Gadea, a Marxist of Indian descent who advanced his political education, and introduced him to Nico Lopez, one of fellow Fidel Castro.
In Guatemala he saw the CIA at work as the main agent of counterrevolution and was confirmed in his view that Revolution could be made only by an armed insurrection. In January 1954
know Nico
Antonio Lopez, a participant in the assault on the Moncada Barracks
, with whom he befriends. After of
coup that culminated in the overthrow of the democratic government of Jacobo Arbenz, Che part for Mexico, where he worked on General Hospital. Hilda Gadea and Nico Lopez joined him, and he met Raul and Fidel Castro, then the policy appeared, and realized that in Fidel he had found the leader, who was looking for.
He joined other Castro followers at the farm where the Cuban revolutionaries were learning courses and professional training command in guerrilla warfare by the English Republican Army captain, Alberto Bayo, author of One hundred and fifty questions to a guerrilla, Havana 1959. Bayo drew not only in his own experience but on the teachings of Mao Tse-tung, and
Che like ere called then, became his star pupil and became a class leader.
war games on the farm attracted police attention, all the Cubans and Che were arrested, then released a month later (June 1956).
The November 25 1956 revolutionary fighters leave the port of Tuxpan in the direction of Cuba. The landing occurs December 2 and the rebels are caught a few days later at Alegria de Pio Batista's army. Che went with them, first as a doctor, and then as commander of the revolutionary army.
On January 17, 1957 participated in the first victorious battle of the rebels in La Plata. On May 28 obtained an important victory in the attack on the barracks Uvero. According to Che, this fight marks the majority of the Rebel Army.
He was the most aggressive, intelligent, and successful guerrilla officers, and more concerned to teach their men Leninist education. The triumph of the revolution, Guevara became Castro's right hand in the new government of Cuba. Che organized and directed the National Institute of Agrarian Reform to manage new agrarian laws expropriating large landowners participated in the Department of Industries, and was appointed President of Banco Nacional de Cuba.
In 1959 he married March Aledia and together they visited Egypt, India, Japan, Indonesia, Pakistan and Yugoslavia. Back in Cuba, as Minister for Industry he signed (February 1960) a business pact with the USSR which freed the Cuban sugar industry from dependence on the tenth of U.S. market
On August 21, 1958, Che is ordered to march to the province of Las Villas to head the units of the July 26 Movement operating in that area. The invading column 8 "Ciro Redondo partly
August 31 from El Jibaro. On September 8 reaches Camagüey. On October 15, after traveling over 500 km, comes to the mountains of the Escambray. Che set up his headquarters in easel House. experience
Of Che revolution collected during Cuba, was born axiom "Not expected till all necessary conditions for revolution exist focus can insurrectional of creating" . And as Tse-Tung he believed that the field must take the revolution to the cities in predominantly agricultural countries. Che wrote extensively on the creation of new man, as a necessary condition for the Revolution part of his thought is seen in: "The man really comes to a state of complete humanity when he produces without being forced by physical need to sell itself as a commodity."
On March 4, 1960 arrived at the scene where the French ship exploded
The Coubre . The next day, during the farewell of mourning for the victims of sabotage, his image is captured in a memorable photo
.
October 21 departs on a trip to the countries of the socialist community. Visit Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, East Germany, Hungary, China and North Korea. On January 6, 1961 in television reports the results of his trip.
On February 23 he was appointed Minister of Industry.
On April 9, published in the journal Olive Green an article entitled " Cuba," historical exception or vanguard in the struggle against colonialism? . "
April 16 moves to the command of the West in Consolacion del Sur, Pinar del Rio, as the Cuban intelligence think there will be an invasion of the area, closest to the continent. Che has an accident with his gun. The mercenary landing eventually occur in the Bay of Pigs and is defeated in just 72 hours.
August 2 travels to the front of the Cuban delegation to Punta del Este, Uruguay, to participate in the Conference American Economic Social Council . Day 8 involved in the fifth plenary session and denouncing the so-called Alliance for Progress. The 17 delivers a speech at the National University of Montevideo. 19, after concluding his visit to Uruguay, he traveled to Argentina and Brazil. The 23 reports on television to the people of Cuba the results of the Conference of Punta del Este.
On October 22, 1962, the onset of the Crisis, is assigned to defend the western part of Cuban territory. Che set up his headquarters in the foothills of the Organ, Pinar del Río.
On June 30, 1963 he traveled to Algeria to participate in activities for the anniversary of independence.
On March 17, 1964 part due to Geneva to participate in the World Conference on Trade and Development.
March 12, 1965, the Uruguayan weekly Marcha Che publishes article entitled " Socialism and Man in Cuba ."
The October 3, in the act of incorporation of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Cuba, Fidel read the farewell letter Che.
On November 3, 1966 arrived in La Paz, Bolivia, under the name of Adolfo Mena Gonzalez and Uruguayan passport. On 7 November joined the guerrillas.
On April 18, 1967 in Cuba published its " Message to the peoples of the world through the Tricontinental ."
The October 8 In the battle of Quebrada del Yuro, Guevara was shot in his left leg, was taken prisoner along with Simeon Cuba (Willy) and transferred to La Higuera where were held at the school, separate classrooms. There also would place the bodies of dead fighters and would also be held the next day, Juan Pablo Chang . Among the seized property by the military was the Journal that Che had been in Bolivia.
The
October 9 in the morning the government of Bolivia announced that Ernesto Guevara was killed in combat yesterday. Simultaneously came the Colonel Joaquin Zenteno Anaya and CIA agent Felix Rodriguez. Shortly after noon the President Barrientos gave the order to execute Che Guevara. There are doubts and conflicting views on the degree of support that the decision was by the U.S.
,
[130 ] but the truth is that, as recorded in their own secret report of Felix Rodriguez, the CIA
was present at the scene. Rodriguez was the agent who was ordered to shoot Guevara and who transmitted it to the Bolivian government, and it was he who informed him that Che Guevara would be shot.
[131 ] Before shooting Felix Rodriguez questioned and pulled out of the classroom to take several photographs, the last in which he appears alive.
Rodriguez tells himself that time as follows:
I left the room, that was full of soldiers outside. I went Sergeant Teran knew he was being executor of it. I said, sergeant there instructions from his government to remove the prisoner. I put my hand to chin level. Do not pull up here, shoot it down here because it is assumed that this man has died of wounds in combat. Yes, my captain, my captain said yes. It was about one in the afternoon of Bolivia. Hence, then I retire to the place where I had photographed progress daily and approximately ten past one I heard a small blast. Shortly before Simeon Cuba and Juan Pablo Chang
had suffered the same fate.
In 1977 the magazine Paris Match
interviewed who told Mario Terán follows the last moments of Che Guevara: I hesitated
40 minutes before executing the order. I went to see Colonel Perez with the hope that had canceled. But the colonel was furious. So I went. That was the worst moment of my life. When I arrived, Che was sitting on a bench. When he saw me he said: "You have come to kill me." I felt embarrassed and lowered my head without answering. Then I asked, "What have the others?". I replied that I had not said anything and he replied: "They were brave!". I I dared not shoot. At that moment I saw the Che big, very big, huge. His eyes were shining brilliantly. I felt that was put up and when I looked at him, I got dizzy.
I thought with a quick motion Che could take my gun.
"Please calm," he said and good point! Going to kill a man! ".
Then I stepped back toward the doorway, closed my eyes and fired the first volley.
Che, his legs shattered, fell to the ground, contorted and started watering a lot of blood. I rallied and shot the second burst, which reached a arm, shoulder and heart. He was dead.
The June 28, 1997 a group of Cuban and Argentine experts discovered a mass grave in Vallegrande with the remains of Che Guevara and other guerrillas in June.
July 12 is received at the airport in San Antonio de los Baños for his family and companions. Che's remains rest in the mausoleum of Ernesto Che Guevara Plaza in Santa Clara.
From the looks wild, romantic and revolutionary, Che became a legend and idol for the young revolutionaries of all worlds, in an example of struggle and revolution, as the only hope of ending capitalist exploitation, and achieve the construction of a more just, dignified and equal;
Communist Society
Bibliography:
http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/3240/chebio.html
http://www.patriagrande .net / Cuba / ernesto.che.guevara / biografia.htm
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Korda
Http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Guevara
